Anodyne, astringent and depurative (leaves and roots); expectorant (decoction of roots); demulcent (syrup of fruit).

Depurative and stomachic (plant); astringent, diuretic, laxative and refrigerant (fresh or dried leaves); astringent, diuretic and haemostatic (infusion of root).

Diuretic (fresh juice of the leaves); antipyretic, antitumor, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, hemostatic, laxative, peristaltic and refrigerant (whole plant); astringent (root)

Alterative, astringent, cholagogue, deobstruent, depurative, digestive, detergent, laxative and mildly tonic (root)

Acts as a gentle and safe laxative (plant); alterative, antiscorbutic, astringent, cholagogue, depurative, laxative and mildly tonic (root)

Aperient, deobstruent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic and vasoconstrictor (root)

Alterative, antiscrophulatic, cholagogue, depurative, diaphoretic, mildly diuretic, expectorant, galactogogue, purgative, sternutatory and tonic (Whole plant and root);

Alterative, analgesic, antiinflammatory, depurative, diuretic, hypotensive, laxative, narcotic, sedative, vermifuge and vulnerary.

Antiviral, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, antipyretic, antiallergic

Alterative, demulcent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant and tonic (root)

The root is alterative, antiscrophulatic, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic and tonic.

Antiarthritic, antiscrophulatic, depurative and stomachic (rhizome); anthelmintic and antiphlogistic (decoction of rhizome).

Alterative, anodyne, depurative, mildly diuretic, emetic, expectorant, hepatic, mildly narcotic and purgative (whole plant)

Analgesic, contraceptive, depurative, emmenagogue, hallucinogen, narcotic.

Anthelmintic (seed and root); diuretic, hypoglycemic and aphrodisiac (plant); antibacterial and antifungal (essential oil); depurifies the body, alterant, depurative, refrigerant and tonic (flower).

Antidepressant, antidiarrheic, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, carminative, cerebrotonic, cholagogue, depurative, digestive, diuretic, expectorant,emmenagogue, hepatotonic, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, tranquilizer, tonic and vulnerary.

Depurative and febrifuge

Antibacterial, cholagogue, decongestant, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative and stomachic (plant); anticancer (stem)

All parts of the plant, but especially the root, are slightly aperient, cholagogue, depurative, strongly diuretic, hepatic, laxative, stomachic and tonic. The root is also experimentally cholagogue, hypoglycaemic and a weak antibiotic against yeast infections; antitumor and hypoglycemic (plant); prevents gall and kidney stone formation and aids in eliminating these stones. if present (root and leaf).

Antifungal, depurative (plant)